Properties | More Info | Isotopes | Spectra
Compounds | Reactions | Production
Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
Diagrams: Shell | Atomic Radius | Electron || Images
Vanadium
Electrons per shell 2,8,11,2
Electron Configuration [Ar] 3d3 4s2 open electron config
Ground state 4F3/2
Atomic Volume 8.78 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.63
Magnetic ordering No data
Mass magnetic susceptibility 6.28 x 10-8
Molar magnetic susceptibility 3.199 x 10-9
Speed of sound 4560 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 514.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 17.6 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 459.7 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 24.89 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 30.7 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 8.4 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 628 MPa
Mohs hardness 7.0
Vickers hardness 628 MPa
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 160 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.37
Shear modulus 47 GPa
Young's modulus 128 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 2.0 x 10-7 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.0489 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 0.38013 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 4.3 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 120
Ionization Potential  
First 6.74
Second 14.65
Third 29.31
Incompatibilities Strong oxidizers, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
Flammability
Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 4.9522 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 4.94464 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 20) 5.42729 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 0.5113 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 0.5113 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 17.6) 0.5192 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 3) 0.585 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 3) 0.585 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 40) 0.453 KeV
Ll (intensity 90) 0.446 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 135 pm
Bohr Radius 171 pm
Covalent Radius 125 pm
Van der Waals No data.
Triple covalent 106 pm
Metallic 134 pm
Oxidation States
Main V+3, V+4, V+5
Other V-3, V-1, V0, V+1, V+2
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 650
M+ - M2+ 1414
M2+ - M3+ 2828
M3+ - M4+ 4507
M4+ - M5+ 6294
M5+ - M6+ 12362
M6+ - M7+ 14489
M7+ - M8+ 16760
M8+ - M9+ 19860
M9+ - M10+ 22240
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Crystal Structure
Structure Body centred cubic
a = 303 pm
b = 303 pm
c = 303 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°